急诊成人脓毒症防治的新认识——美国急诊医师协会“急诊科与院前成人疑似脓毒症患者早期诊疗共识”解析

方奕鹏, 张会娟, 郭喆, 等. 急诊成人脓毒症防治的新认识——美国急诊医师协会“急诊科与院前成人疑似脓毒症患者早期诊疗共识”解析[J]. 临床急诊杂志, 2021, 22(5): 361-368. doi: 10.13201/j.issn.1009-5918.2021.05.015
引用本文: 方奕鹏, 张会娟, 郭喆, 等. 急诊成人脓毒症防治的新认识——美国急诊医师协会“急诊科与院前成人疑似脓毒症患者早期诊疗共识”解析[J]. 临床急诊杂志, 2021, 22(5): 361-368. doi: 10.13201/j.issn.1009-5918.2021.05.015
New understanding of prevention and treatment of adult sepsis in emergency department——Interpretation of 'Early Care of Adults With Suspected Sepsis in the Emergency Department and Out-of-Hospital Environment: A Consensus-Based Task' issued by American Colloge of Emergency Physicians[J]. J Clin Emerg, 2021, 22(5): 361-368. doi: 10.13201/j.issn.1009-5918.2021.05.015
Citation: New understanding of prevention and treatment of adult sepsis in emergency department——Interpretation of "Early Care of Adults With Suspected Sepsis in the Emergency Department and Out-of-Hospital Environment: A Consensus-Based Task" issued by American Colloge of Emergency Physicians[J]. J Clin Emerg, 2021, 22(5): 361-368. doi: 10.13201/j.issn.1009-5918.2021.05.015

急诊成人脓毒症防治的新认识——美国急诊医师协会“急诊科与院前成人疑似脓毒症患者早期诊疗共识”解析

  • 基金项目:

    清华大学教育基金(No:405202002)

详细信息
    通讯作者: 王仲,E-mail:wangzhong523@vip.163.com
  • 中图分类号: R459.7

New understanding of prevention and treatment of adult sepsis in emergency department——Interpretation of "Early Care of Adults With Suspected Sepsis in the Emergency Department and Out-of-Hospital Environment: A Consensus-Based Task" issued by American Colloge of Emergency Physicians

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  • 美国急诊医师协会(ACEP)2021年4月发布《急诊科与院前成人疑似脓毒症患者早期诊疗共识》。ACEP共识中的部分观点对拯救脓毒症运动(SSC)2016指南提出了质疑,其补充说明了院前急救与急诊科在脓毒症患者处置的原则,调整了SSC 2016指南的一些细节,更富有急诊特色。本文综合ACEP共识、SSC 2016指南以及中国预防脓毒症(PSCC)共识,对其中相关内容进行了对比分析。目前各个共识均以Sepsis-3脓毒症定义与诊断为标准,但ACEP共识与PSCC共识均将脓毒症的关注点前移,提出了“疑似脓毒症”的概念,这是由于急诊医师经常面对各种诊断尚不明确的患者,可能会对非脓毒症患者造成误诊及不恰当的早期治疗。在脓毒症早期筛查工具中,ACEP共识与PSCC共识均认为qSOFA评分在急诊脓毒症患者早期筛查的作用有限。对于脓毒症的治疗,ACEP共识仍需围绕评估感染部位、抗感染、液体复苏及使用血管活性药物进行,动态评估脏器损伤程度、患者状态及循环情况亦至关重要。抗感染治疗应结合当地常见病原体及耐药情况优先针对G-菌和G+菌应用广谱抗生素。ACEP共识仍然沿用了“液体复苏”的概念,并推荐使用平衡晶体液治疗,30 mL/kg是初始复苏补液量的可参照指标,但并不适用于全部患者;而PSCC共识则提出更早期的“液体支持治疗”。两个共识都提出“需结合患者病情变化及容量反应性进行综合评估”。去甲肾上腺素是一线的血管活性药,ACEP共识未对液体复苏与血管活动药物应用的先后顺序进行要求。推荐将SOFA评分作为急诊脓毒症患者病情严重程度评估的标准,可在一定条件下使用SpO2/FiO2替代PaO2/FiO2来简化SOFA评分标准。我们需要有脓毒症预防的理念,需关注尚未发展为脓毒症的感染患者,提早进行干预以预防和阻断脓毒症的发生。急诊工作中,依据实际情况,综合参照指南与共识,为急诊疑似脓毒症及脓毒症患者提供精准、及时、高效的治疗。
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收稿日期:  2021-04-28

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